Discover the captivating history behind the English-speaking world’s first library

In Manchester’s Medieval quarter lies a true gem of cultural and historical significance: Chetham’s Library.

Established in 1653, it holds the distinction of being the oldest public library in the English-speaking world.  For over 350 years, its doors have remained open to all – ‘for the use of schollars and others well affected’, as its founder Humphrey Chetham decreed.

This remarkable institution continues to inspire visitors and scholars alike with its rich history, stunning medieval architecture, and unparalleled collections.

Chetham’s Library

Chetham’s Library owes its existence to the foresight and philanthropy of Humphrey Chetham (1580–1653), a prosperous textile merchant, banker, and landowner. A man of great wealth but modest aspirations for public office, Chetham was driven by a desire to combat ignorance and alleviate poverty.

His charitable vision included the creation of a school for forty poor boys and the establishment of a library that would rival the great collections of Oxford and Cambridge.

Chetham’s concern for education was matched by his meticulous planning; he ensured that his legacy would endure by appointing twenty-four governors, or feoffees, to oversee his charitable endeavours.

The library’s historic home

The Library’s setting is as captivating as its collection. Housed within the medieval College House, which dates back to 1421, the complex was originally built to accommodate a college of priests.

With its sandstone walls, quarried locally and transported by river barge, the building boasts a wealth of architectural marvels, from its grand hall to the warden’s lodgings and domestic facilities.

The survival of such a complete medieval structure is a rare feat, especially given its turbulent history. Over the centuries, it served as a residence for the Stanley family, endured periods of neglect, and even functioned as a prison and arsenal during the Civil War.

Yet, thanks to Chetham’s vision and the dedication of local craftsmen, the building was lovingly restored and repurposed as a sanctuary for learning.

A collection of national importance

From its inception, Chetham’s Library has been a treasure trove of knowledge. In August 1655, the Library began acquiring books, guided by the founders’ ambitious goal to cover the full range of human understanding. Early purchases included works on theology, law, history, medicine, and science, as well as an impressive array of manuscripts.

Many of the books were shipped from London, packed into barrels to protect them on their journey north. Over time, the collection has expanded to include early printed books, manuscript diaries, letters, deeds, ephemera, prints, paintings, and glass lantern slides.

Today, the Library specialises in the history and topography of Greater Manchester and Lancashire, making it an essential resource for researchers and historians.

Stories That shaped the world

Chetham’s Library is a place with huge historic interest. Among its most famous visitors were Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, who met here to discuss the revolutionary ideas that would later shape global politics.

It is also steeped in legend: the enigmatic Dr John Dee, the renowned mathematician and occultist, is said to have conducted experiments here and even summoned the Devil himself. These stories, along with countless others, add to the Library’s mystique and draw visitors from around the world.

Chained books and unchained minds

In its early days, the Library’s books were chained to oak presses to prevent theft, a practice common at the time. Readers perched on carved wooden stools, their hands gripping the ‘S’-shaped handles as they delved into the volumes before them.

Over time, the Library adapted to the needs of its patrons. By the mid-eighteenth century, the practice of chaining was abandoned in favour of locked gates, and material was brought to a dedicated Reading Room for study. Remarkably, the original system of alphabetically labelling each press remains in use today, seamlessly integrated with modern electronic catalogues.

Humphrey Chetham’s dream of a library open to all has stood the test of time. Its strength lies not only in its historic collection but also in its enduring commitment to accessibility and education. As an independent charity, Chetham’s Library continues to thrive, attracting scholars, history enthusiasts, and tourists who marvel at its storied past and atmospheric surroundings. Guided tours reveal fascinating tales of its former inhabitants and visitors, while the serene reading rooms provide a haven for quiet study and reflection.

Booking a tour of Chetham’s Library

Chetham’s is a living piece of history, a place where the past and present converge.  Whether you are captivated by its architectural splendour, intrigued by its revolutionary connections, or simply in search of a quiet corner to read, Chetham’s Library promises an experience unlike any other.

You can book a tour of Chetham’s by clicking here